MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter Heart Rate Sensor Module
❤️🩹 MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter & Heart Rate Sensor Module
Biomedical Sensor • Blood Oxygen (SpO₂) & Pulse Monitoring • Wearable Health Devices
The MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module is a compact biomedical sensor used to measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate. It integrates two LEDs (Red & Infrared), a photodetector, optical elements, and signal processing circuitry into a single module.
The sensor is commonly used in fitness trackers, wearable health monitors, and medical electronics projects.
📊 Infographic Overview
🔹 Basic Specifications
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| ❤️ Measurement | Heart Rate (BPM) |
| 🩸 Measurement | Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) |
| 🔌 Operating Voltage | 3.3V – 5V |
| 📡 Communication | I²C |
| 💡 Light Source | Red LED & Infrared LED |
| ⚡ Low Power Consumption | Yes |
🧩 Main Components
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| 💡 Red LED | Used to measure oxygenated blood |
| 🌙 Infrared LED | Measures deoxygenated blood |
| 📡 Photodiode Sensor | Detects reflected light from blood |
| ⚙ Signal Processing Circuit | Converts optical signals into digital data |
| 🔌 I²C Interface | Sends data to microcontrollers |
🔌 Pin Configuration
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| VIN | Power supply |
| GND | Ground |
| SCL | I²C clock line |
| SDA | I²C data line |
| INT | Interrupt output |
⚙️ Working Principle
The sensor works based on Photoplethysmography, which measures changes in blood volume using light.
Step-by-Step Operation
1️⃣ The red and infrared LEDs emit light into the fingertip.
2️⃣ Blood absorbs different amounts of light depending on oxygen level.
3️⃣ The photodiode detects reflected light intensity.
4️⃣ The internal processor analyzes the signal.
5️⃣ The module outputs SpO₂ percentage and heart rate via I²C.
📐 Sensor Operation Diagram
Finger Placement
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Red LED + IR LED
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Blood Vessels
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Photodiode
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Signal Processing Circuit
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I2C Data Output
🤖 Common Applications
🏥 Pulse oximeters
⌚ Fitness trackers and smartwatches
📱 Wearable health monitoring devices
🧪 Biomedical electronics projects
🏃 Sports and fitness monitoring
🔌 Compatible Microcontrollers
The module easily interfaces with:
Arduino Uno
Arduino Nano
ESP32
Raspberry Pi
📊 MAX30100 vs MAX30102
| Feature | MAX30100 | MAX30102 |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate | Yes | Yes |
| SpO₂ Measurement | Yes | Yes |
| Power Consumption | Moderate | Lower |
| Accuracy | Good | Higher |
| Ambient Light Rejection | Moderate | Improved |
💡 Advantages
✅ Measures heart rate and blood oxygen
✅ Compact integrated design
✅ Low power consumption
✅ Easy I²C communication
✅ Ideal for wearable health devices
⚠️ Limitations
❌ Sensitive to finger movement
❌ Accuracy depends on proper finger placement
❌ Not intended for clinical medical diagnosis
🔧 Example DIY Project
❤️ Smart Health Monitoring Device
Components
MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module
ESP32
OLED display
Wi-Fi connection
Working
✔ Sensor measures heart rate and SpO₂ levels
✔ ESP32 processes the data
✔ Results are displayed on OLED screen or IoT dashboard
