5A ACS712 Current Sensor

🧠 What Is ACS712?
A Hall-effect based current sensor used to measure AC or DC current.
The 5A version can measure currents in the range of –5A to +5A.
Provides an analog voltage output proportional to the current flowing through it.
🔍 Key Features
Measures AC & DC Current
Non-invasive Hall Effect sensing (electrical isolation)
Analog Output (linear with current)
Bidirectional Measurement (positive & negative current)
Low Noise & High Sensitivity (for 5A version)
Compact module for easy integration
📊 Technical Specifications
Parameter
Value
Operating Voltage
5 V
Current Range
–5 A to +5 A
Sensitivity
~185 mV/A
Output Voltage (No Current)
~2.5 V (midpoint)
Output Type
Analog
Bandwidth
~80 kHz
Response Time
~5 µs
Isolation Voltage
~2.1 kV RMS
⚙️ Pin Configuration
Power & Signal Side
VCC → 5 V
GND → Ground
OUT → Analog output to microcontroller
Current Path Terminals
IP+ → Current input
IP– → Current output
📌 Current flows through IP+ → IP– inside the sensor.
🧠 How It Works
Current flowing through the conductor creates a magnetic field.
The Hall-effect sensor detects this magnetic field.
Internal circuitry converts it into a proportional voltage.
Output voltage shifts around 2.5V (zero current point).
Microcontroller reads voltage and calculates current.
📐 Output Behavior
0 A → ~2.5 V
+Current → Voltage increases
–Current → Voltage decreases
📌 Example (5A version):
+1A ≈ 2.685 V
–1A ≈ 2.315 V
📌 Applications
Power monitoring systems
Battery charging/discharging measurement
Overcurrent protection systems
Motor current sensing
Energy monitoring (AC/DC loads)
Embedded and IoT projects
⚠️ Important Notes
Noise in Output: Use averaging or filtering for stable readings.
Calibration Required: Zero offset may vary slightly.
Limited Accuracy at Low Currents: Best near mid-range.
Heat Consideration: High current may cause heating.
🛠 Summary
Type: Hall-effect current sensor
Range: ±5A
Output: Analog (centered at 2.5V)
Use Case: AC/DC current measurement with isolation